Scrutinize the results - results of one study usually don’t provide enough proof

Third, scrutinize the results. Does this information reveal a direct cause-and-effect relation between two factors? Or is it merely an association? For example, someone could argue there’s an association between matches and lung cancer because matches light the tobacco that causes lung cancer. But common sense would tell you that lighted matches don’t cause lung cancer. Typically, years of consecutive studies are required to prove a cause-and-effect relation and the results of one study usually don’t provide enough proof. If just one medical study has documented an unusual or peculiar finding, and if the results have never been replicated by any other study, then this situation suggests that the study is not reliable!